Volcanic ash consists of fine particles of rock, minerals and gases released during a volcanic eruption. These particles can be carried by the wind and spread to surrounding areas in the form of smoke or dust.

Due to their very fine size, volcanic ash particles can travel over long distances and may contain hazardous gases such as SO₂ and CO₂, as well as metal particles. Exposure can affect health, particularly the respiratory system, eyes and skin.

Health effects may include irritation of the nose and throat, coughing, shortness of breath, red or watery eyes, and skin irritation or allergic reactions. Long-term exposure may also cause headaches, fatigue and effects on the immune system.

Safety in Airside & Landside Operations

In the event of ashfall, heavy smoke or reduced visibility, work activities must be stopped and personnel should immediately move to a safe area or enclosed space. The commencement or suspension of activities should be carried out based on coordination and instructions from the relevant authorities.

Where outdoor work is necessary, appropriate PPE must be worn, including an N95/KN95 mask, protective goggles and gloves. Ensure that the mask is fitted securely and correctly.

Personnel should also pay attention to their health. If experiencing persistent coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain or eye irritation, stop work immediately and report the condition to a supervisor.

Vehicles and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) must not be operated when visibility or environmental conditions do not allow work to be carried out safely.

When cleaning volcanic ash, wet the ash first. Avoid dry sweeping or using a vacuum cleaner, as these methods may cause the ash particles to become airborne again.

Safety in Office Areas

Outdoor activities should be limited while ashfall or smoke persists. Remain indoors by keeping doors and windows closed and switching off air-conditioning systems that draw air from outside.

If it is necessary to go outdoors, wear an N95/KN95 mask, including when travelling on business. Keep the work environment clean and safe by using a damp cloth to remove ash and avoiding dry sweeping or vacuuming.

Safety Reminder

Volcanic ash is abrasive and does not dissolve easily. Inhaled particles can enter the respiratory tract and pose a risk to health.

No operational target is worth a life. Safety is our top priority.

Source: GP/DO/HSE/006/SEP/2026 – Health, Safety, & Environment